5 research outputs found
A bias-free cosmological analysis with quasars alleviating H tension
Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated because of theoretical and observational mismatches of the standard cosmological model, especially the current discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant, H, obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Thus, considering high-redshift probes like quasars (QSOs), having intermediate redshifts between SNe Ia and CMB, is a necessary step. In this work, we use SNe Ia and the most updated QSO sample, reaching redshifts up to z ∼ 7.5, applying the Risaliti–Lusso QSO relation based on a nonlinear relation between ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We consider this relation both in its original form and corrected for selection biases and evolution in redshift through a reliable statistical method also accounting for the circularity problem. We also explore two approaches: with and without calibration on SNe Ia. We then investigate flat and nonflat standard cosmological models and a flat CDM model, with a constant dark energy equation-of-state parameter w. Remarkably, when correcting for the evolution as a function of cosmology, we obtain closed constraints on Ω using only noncalibrated QSOs. We find that considering noncalibrated QSOs combined with SNe Ia and accounting for the same correction, our results are compatible with a flat ΛCDM model with Ω = 0.3 and H = 70 km s Mpc. Intriguingly, the H values obtained are placed halfway between the one from SNe Ia and CMB, paving the way for new insights into the H tension
A bias-free cosmological analysis with quasars alleviating tension
Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated because of
theoretical and observational mismatches of the standard cosmological model,
especially the current discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant,
, obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the Cosmic Microwave
Background Radiation (CMB). Thus, considering high-redshift probes like quasars
(QSOs), having intermediate redshifts between SNe Ia and CMB, is a necessary
step. In this work, we use SNe Ia and the most updated QSO sample, reaching
redshifts up to , applying the Risaliti-Lusso QSO relation based on a
non-linear relation between ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We consider
this relation both in its original form and corrected for selection biases and
evolution in redshift through a reliable statistical method also accounting for
the circularity problem. We also explore two approaches: with and without
calibration on SNe Ia. We then investigate flat and non-flat standard
cosmological models and a flat CDM model, with a constant dark energy
equation of state parameter . Remarkably, when correcting for the evolution
as a function of cosmology, we obtain closed constraints on using
only non-calibrated QSOs. We find that considering non-calibrated QSOs combined
with SNe Ia and accounting for the same correction, our results are compatible
with a flat CDM model with and . Intriguingly, the values obtained place
halfway between the one from SNe Ia and CMB, paving the way for new insights
into the tension.Comment: Accepted to be published in ApJS; 24 pages, 12 figure
Quasars: standard candles up to z=7.5 with the precision of Supernovae Ia
Currently, the Cold Dark Matter model, which relies on the
existence of cold dark matter and a cosmological constant , best
describes the Universe. However, we lack information in the high-redshift ()
region between Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) (up to ) and the Cosmic
Microwave Background (), an interval crucial to test cosmological
models and their possible evolution. We have defined a sample of 983 Quasars up
to with reduced intrinsic dispersion which determines
the matter density parameter with the same precision of SNe Ia.
Although previous analysis have been used Quasars as cosmological tools (e.g.
Risaliti and Lusso 2019), this is the first time that high-redshift sources, in
this case Quasars, as standalone cosmological probes yield such tight
constraints on . Our results show the importance of correcting
cosmological relationships for selection biases and redshift evolution and how
the choice of a golden sample reduces considerably the intrinsic scatter. This
proves the reliability of Quasars as standard cosmological candles.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Reducing the uncertainty on the Hubble constant up to 35\% with an improved statistical analysis: different best-fit likelihoods for Supernovae Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, Quasars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts
Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated, especially about
whether the current discrepancy between the values of the Hubble constant,
, obtained by type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the Planck data from the
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation could be alleviated when alternative
cosmological models are considered. Thus, combining high-redshift probes, such
as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Quasars (QSOs), together with Baryon Acoustic
Oscillations (BAO) and SNe Ia is important to assess the viability of these
alternative models and if they can cast further light on the Hubble tension. In
this work, for GRBs, we use a 3-dimensional relation between the peak prompt
luminosity, the rest-frame time at the end of the X-ray plateau, and its
corresponding luminosity in X-rays: the 3D Dainotti fundamental plane relation.
Regarding QSOs, we use the Risaliti-Lusso relation among the UV and X-ray
luminosities for a sample of 2421 sources. We correct both the QSO and GRB
relations by accounting for selection and evolutionary effects with a reliable
statistical method. We here use both the traditional Gaussian likelihoods
() and the new best-fit likelihoods () to infer
cosmological parameters of a non-flat CDM and flat CDM models. We
obtain for all the parameters reduced uncertainties, up to for ,
when applying the new likelihoods in place of the Gaussian ones. Our
results remain consistent with a flat CDM model, although with a shift
of the dark energy parameter toward and a curvature density
parameter toward .Comment: Accepted for publication at Ap
Quasar standardization : overcoming selection biases and redshift evolution
Quasars (QSOs) are extremely luminous active galactic nuclei currently observed up to redshift z = 7.642. As such, they have the potential to be the next rung of the cosmic distance ladder beyond Type Ia supernovae, if they can reliably be used as cosmological probes. The main issue in adopting QSOs as standard candles (similarly to gamma-ray bursts) is the large intrinsic scatter in the relations between their observed properties. This could be overcome by finding correlations among their observables that are intrinsic to the physics of QSOs and not artifacts of selection biases and/or redshift evolution. The reliability of these correlations should be verified through well-established statistical tests. The correlation between the ultraviolet and X-ray fluxes developed by Risaliti & Lusso is one of the most promising relations. We apply a statistical method to correct this relation for redshift evolution and selection biases. Remarkably, we recover the the same parameters of the slope and the normalization as Risaliti & Lusso. Our results establish the reliability of this relation, which is intrinsic to the QSO properties and not merely an effect of selection biases or redshift evolution. Hence, the possibility to standardize QSOs as cosmological candles, thereby extending the Hubble diagram up to z = 7.54